Pure Earth global lead exposure surveys
global NGO (formerly blacksmith institute). market surveys for cookware, spices, cosmetics, paint, and toys across 27 countries, mostly low- and middle-income markets where lead enforcement is weak. 5,153 measurements covering 3,472 products.
5,153measurements
3,472unique products
27countries of origin
11categories
what this source covers
pure earth is the global NGO formerly known as the blacksmith institute. they work on lead exposure in low- and middle-income countries, places where leaded paint is still legal, leaded gasoline only just got banned, and consumer products go untested.
their lead exposure surveys are how the world knows what is on the shelves in markets in india, mexico, pakistan, georgia, indonesia, and dozens of other countries. this slice of the database is 5,153 measurements covering 3,472 unique products across 27 countries.
the categories they cover most heavily: cookware (1,790 measurements), spices (1,100), cosmetics (905), paint (470), and toys (417). pure earth is the dominant source for paint in the database, they keep finding oil-based house paints in the global south testing at 80% lead by mass, decades after the US banned them.
they publish their datasets openly under CC-BY through zenodo. that is rare and valuable, and it is most of why this database is global rather than just US-focused.
categories this source contributed to
Pure Earth contributed measurements to 11 of the 13 categories in the lead database. each card links to the full sortable table for that category, where you can filter by source = "Pure Earth" to see only these rows.
cookware
1,790 measurements (36.9%) →
aluminum pots, ceramic-coated pans, painted dishes, glassware. mostly imported, mostly via store-shelf surveys.
spices
1,100 measurements (22.6%) →
turmeric, cumin, paprika, chili, and other ground spices. lead chromate adulteration is the canonical story here.
cosmetics
905 measurements (18.6%) →
kohl, surma, sindoor, lipstick, eye shadow. some traditional cosmetics test as nearly pure lead compounds.
paint
470 measurements (9.7%) →
house paint, art paint, industrial coatings. pure earth global surveys lead the count.
toys
417 measurements (8.6%) →
painted toys, jewelry kits, plastic figurines. CPSC recalls plus EU safety-gate alerts.
candy
66 measurements (1.4%) →
mostly imported candies tested by NYC. tamarind candies and chili-based sweets dominate.
religious & ceremonial
44 measurements (0.9%) →
sindoor, kumkum, holy powders, religious medals. used in worship, often imported, often very high in lead.
supplements
30 measurements (0.6%) →
vitamins, herbal supplements, ayurvedic remedies. lead contamination from soil and processing.
food (other)
29 measurements (0.6%) →
rice, cereals, candies, sauces. anything edible that is not baby food or spice.
jewelry
5 measurements (0.1%) →
fashion jewelry, costume metal, kids charm bracelets. some items are nearly pure lead.
baby food
1 measurements (0.0%) →
jarred and pouched baby food, infant cereals, formula. dominated by california AB 899 disclosures.
methodology & license
metals tested: lead.
units: normalized to ppb (parts per billion by mass), identical to µg/kg. 1,000 ppb = 1 ppm = 1 mg/kg = 0.0001%. recall records (where the original notice did not publish a concentration) are flagged in the table as "recall record" rather than a number.
license: cite Pure Earth (CC-BY). when you reuse rows from this source, attribute the original source. the unified database itself is published under CC-BY-SA 4.0.
official source: https://zenodo.org/records/10444602
back to the hub
the lead database hub stitches together Pure Earth with eight other open-license sources for a unified, searchable view of consumer-product heavy-metal data. nine sources, thirteen categories, 67,497 measurements, all normalized to the same units.